All behavioural experiments with Papilio dardanus were carried out in a flight cage in a heated greenhouse, kept at between 30-40^o Centigrade. A diagram of the cage is shown in Figure A3-1. The high temperature and the introduction of plants were necessary for the butterflies to fly around the cage and to encounter each other. The plants included a Citrus, on which females were allowed to lay. The 1^st instar larvae were removed, and reared on Choisya ternata. The flowers in the centre of the cage were either used in Experiments (in Chapter 4), or when flower choice experiments were not being carried out, they were kept filled with sugar water.

Figure A3-1 The flight cage used in behavioural experiments with Papilio dardanus

The cage was made of very fine nylon netting, with the walls black and the roof white. A door was made at the South end of the cage, kept sealed with Velcro, to allow entry and exit. The cage had no floor, but was weighted to the concrete flooring of the greenhouse.